Musculoskeletal Injuries (MSI) refer to damage of muscular or skeletal systems, which is usually due to strenuous activity. In other words, MSIs are any injury that affects the bones, muscles, ligaments, nerves, or tendons resulting in pain. 

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) is a clinical condition in which your spinal canal starts to narrow. This disease is usually the result of aging, which commonly results in Osteoarthritis, which can lead to a pinching of the spinal cord or nerve roots. If the narrowing is minimal, no symptoms will occur. Too much narrowing can compress your nerves and cause problems. The clinical symptoms of spinal stenosis typically progress over time as nerves become more compressed.

One of the most common causes of pain and physical disorders are musculoskeletal injuries. MSK injuries are any type of injuries to the musculoskeletal system, i.e., ligaments, tendons, bones, and soft tissues. Musculoskeletal injuries can even result in morbidity and mortality in some of the underprivileged areas in the world, and are directly linked with aging, long-term pain, and reduced daily routine activities. Patient’s quality of life and functional abilities are impacted as a consequence of pain and disabling conditions.

There are a variety of causes resulting in musculoskeletal injuries. Some of the most frequently occurring causes are:

• Aging

• Road traffic accident

• Physical assault

• Pathological damage (arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, TB spine)

• Gunshot injury

• Repetitive task injury

Early lumbar spinal stenosis may have no symptoms. In most people, symptoms develop gradually over time. Symptoms may include:

• Pain in the back

• Burning pain going into the buttocks and down into the legs (sciatica)

• Numbness, tingling, cramping, or weakness in the legs

• Loss of sensation in the feet

• A weakness in a foot that causes the foot to slap down when walking ("foot drop")

• Loss of sexual ability

Pressure on nerves in the lumbar region can also cause more serious symptoms known as Cauda Equine Syndrome. If you have any of these symptoms, you need to get medical attention right away:

• Loss of bowel or bladder control

• Severe or increasing numbness between your legs, inner thighs, and back of the legs

• Severe pain and weakness that spreads into one or both legs making it hard to walk or get out of a chair

To diagnose lumbar spinal stenosis, your healthcare provider will ask you questions about your symptoms and do a complete physical exam. During the physical exam, your healthcare provider will look for signs of spinal stenosis, such as loss of sensation, weakness, and abnormal reflexes.

These tests help make a diagnosis:

• X-rays of your lumbar spine. These may show bone growths called spurs that push on spinal nerves and/or narrowing of the spinal canal.

• Imaging tests. A CT scan or MRI scan can give a more detailed look at the spinal canal and nerve structures.

• Other studies. Your healthcare provider might order a bone scan, myelogram (a CT taken after injecting dye), and EMG (an electrical test of muscle activity).

If you have Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, many types of healthcare professionals can help you, such as arthritis specialists, nerve specialists, surgeons, and physical therapists.

• Treatment can include physical therapy, medicine, and sometimes surgery. Except in emergencies, such as Cauda Equina Syndrome, surgery is usually the last resort.

• Physical therapy may include exercises to strengthen your back, stomach, and leg muscles. Learning how to do activities safely, using braces to support your back, stretching, and massage may also be helpful.

• Medicines may include nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory medicines that relieve pain and swelling, and steroid injections that reduce swelling.

• Surgical treatments include removing bone spurs and widening the space between vertebrae. The lower back may also be stabilized by fusing together some of the vertebrae.

• Acupuncture and chiropractic care may also be helpful for some people.

Stem Cells are the natural repair process of your body parts. SCs are present in our fat cells, bone marrow cells and in this case, we use Mesenchymal Stem Cells from donor cord blood. If you place the stem cells over the area of damage, then these cells can lead to the activation of new and healthy cells. This healing process is what our body needs. Stem Cell Therapy helps boost body repair mechanisms and introduces the new Stem Cells.

Stem Cell Therapy is not a new treatment approach for humans. However, SCT has been getting popular in this era due to its exceptional benefits. 

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)  are the Stem Cells that are derived from donor blood or other tissues. After extracting the cells, they are expanded to provide more efficacy. Our source of Stem Cells comes from Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSCs), a class of Stem Cells with high differentiative potential, an immune-privileged status and easy access for collection. The therapeutic utility of the WJ-MSCs is strictly associated with their regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. WJ-MSCs are capable of immune suppression and immune avoidance, making them optimal candidates for cellular therapies in allogeneic transplantation. Successful processing of the cells leads to the injection of these cells into the targeted area. 

In the case of patients suffering from Spinal Stenosis, physicians take the assistance of medical imaging to find the site of requirement. After the entry of cells, they help in reducing the pressure and loosening the tight ligaments around nerves, which were the source of pain and irritation before. 

Stem Cell Therapy has a good prognosis over other conventional treatments because they are:

• Minimally invasive

• It can be delivered in outpatient settings

• Have high safety domain

• Fewer side-effects

• Show instant results

Stem Cell Therapy and Exosomes provide an efficient opportunity for treating Musculoskeletal disorders on account of miRNAs, which play a vital role in the prevention and progression of different diseases. Cartilage destruction can be one of the most common results of musculoskeletal disorders. Silencing miRNA-101 through exosomes can help prevent cartilage degradation in the case of arthritis. 

Osteoclast differentiation and bone-forming cell proliferation is another significant result of MSCs-Exosomes Therapy. Different studies proved that Exosomes could help in protection against acute tubular injuries. These cells mediate the interaction between cells and stimulate cell proliferation to control several diseases and traumas. For instance, these cells are involved (directly) in the transfer of microRNAs to affect the signal transduction pathways into the targeted cells. This process can be used as a microRNA cells therapy for most age-related musculoskeletal diseases and disorders.