Musculoskeletal Injuries (MSI) refer to damage of muscular or skeletal systems, which is usually due to strenuous activity. In other words, MSIs are any injury that affects the bones, muscles, ligaments, nerves, or tendons resulting in pain.

Clinical care facilities face a significant amount of burden due to musculoskeletal injuries. Any damage to the tendons, bones, or ligaments resulting from overstretching, ruptures, strain, or sprain is termed as musculoskeletal injury. We can say that the application of pressure to tissue that surpasses its capability causes musculoskeletal injuries. 

Musculoskeletal discomfort can strike at any time and without notice. On the other hand, the discomfort might endure for a long time. These injuries can cause pain and dysfunction in any area of the body. In the adolescent population, Musculoskeletal Injuries can result from sports, recreational activities, and playing around. However, it varies from vehicle crashes, work-related injuries, aging, and poor lifestyle in adults.

The symptoms of a wrist problem can vary, depending on the problem. A common symptom is wrist pain. Some other possible symptoms include:

• swelling

• a decrease in wrist strength

• sudden numbness or tingling.

The wrist has two big forearm bones and eight small bones known as carpals. It also has tendons and ligaments, which are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Ligaments connect bones to each other.

Some of the more common types of Wrist Injuries and disorders are:

• Carpal tunnel syndrome, which happens when a nerve that runs from your forearm into your palm becomes squeezed at the wrist

• Ganglion cysts, which are noncancerous lumps or masses

• Gout, which is a form of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid in your joints

• Fractures (broken bones)

• Osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis. It is caused by the wear and tear of the joints.

• Sprains and strains, which are injuries to ligaments and injuries to muscles or tendons

• Tendinitis, inflammation of a tendon, usually due to overuse

The wrist is a stable but complex joint. Wrist musculature can be affected mainly due to carpal tunnel syndrome. Some of the other causes which can damage risk are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, and microtrauma. These conditions produce disabling pain, radiculopathy, and inflammatory symptoms. 

Therapeutic approaches for wrist conditions differ based on the underlying reason:

• Arthritis: Physical therapy treatment is recommended in arthritis to strengthen and relax the surrounding musculature of the wrist joint.

• Carpal tunnel syndrome: Wrist brace to limit movement of the joint, which will improve pain and swelling, heat/cold therapy, medications, and in chronic severe cases, the median nerve is repaired with surgery.

• Gout: Anti-inflammatory medicines, dietary changes, and consumption of more water to wash out uric acid concentration from the body.

• Wrist injury: Mild pain killers, wrist splints, rest, and cold therapy to reduce swelling and pain.

Stem Cells are the natural repair process of your body parts. SCs are present in our fat cells, bone marrow cells and in this case, we use Mesenchymal Stem Cells from donor cord blood. By placing the Stem Cells over the area of damage, they can lead to the activation of new and healthy cells. This healing process is what our body needs. Stem Cell Therapy helps boost body repair mechanisms and introduces the new Stem Cells.

Stem Cells are among the valuable technologies in musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration, since they are capable of differentiating and proliferating with immunoregulatory properties. Stem Cells or Mesenchymal Stem Cells can be taken from almost any part of the body, including synovial membrane, adipose tissues, muscles, bones, umbilical cord, and periosteum. However, the most widely used source in clinical practice is bone marrow. 

With the physiological properties of mesenchymal stem cells to release growth factors and proliferate to mature cells, they help maintain tissue homeostasis and repair. MSCs have emerged in recent decades in the treatment of a wide range of conditions, including tissue degradation, infection, and injury. In reaction to any musculoskeletal damage, MSCs have therapeutic capabilities by regenerating and replacing injured cells at the site of damage.

The immune system and the musculoskeletal system interact to govern the regeneration and repair process. All tissue injuries trigger a chain of events between the immune system and the musculoskeletal system. While discussing Stem Cells as a treatment option for musculoskeletal conditions. One of the main musculoskeletal immune response issues induced by MSCs is the immune rejection of the cells.

Stem Cells can differentiate into a variety of different cell types and boost the body's regenerative abilities. These therapies may reduce or even eliminate the need for frequent medication administration and provide long-term advantages, such as improved patient satisfaction and decreased healthcare costs.

Stem Cell Treatment regenerates healthy tissue in the regions where there is tissue damage in the wrist and hand. The therapy reduces the pain and inflammation in the affected joints, thereby improving the mobility and functionality of the hand. 

Stem Cell Therapy and Exosomes provide an efficient opportunity for treating Musculoskeletal disorders on account of miRNAs, which play a vital role in the prevention and progression of different diseases. Cartilage destruction can be one of the most common results of musculoskeletal disorders. Silencing miRNA-101 through exosomes can help prevent cartilage degradation in the case of arthritis. 

Osteoclast differentiation and bone-forming cell proliferation is another significant result of MSCs-Exosomes Therapy. Different studies proved that Exosomes could help in protection against acute tubular injuries. These cells mediate the interaction between cells and stimulate cell proliferation to control several diseases and traumas. For instance, these cells are involved (directly) in the transfer of microRNAs to affect the signal transduction pathways into the targeted cells. This process can be used as a microRNA cell therapy for most age-related musculoskeletal diseases and disorders.

Some of the most frequent adverse effects of  Stem Cell Treatment include:

• Nausea/vomiting

• Allergic reactions

• Redness, inflammation 

• The possibility that Stem Cells do not behave as predicted.

Post-treatment risk factors associated with Stem Cell Therapy are very low. Even low rates of risks need to be addressed properly to prevent serious complications. Almost all of the risks are manageable with care and proper handling. Inflammation and allergic reaction are treated with prophylactic medicines.

The Stem Cell Therapy has a great potential to be more effective for treating Musculoskeletal Injuries than previous methods and carries less risk. SCT has a great potential to emerge as one solution to all human body problems.

All the treatment options for Musculoskeletal Injuries have been temporary options for just treating the symptoms. With the invention of Stem Cells Replacement Therapy, hopes and prognosis of the disease treatment have been raised. It has the potential to be more effective than previous methods and also carries less risk.